The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 993 Words

Jay Gatsby’s character in The Great Gatsby is a mystery. His true intentions for his parties and lavish lifestyle are subtly revealed, leaving his character open to the reader’s interpretation. He invites party guests to his house, most of whom he does not know, to get drunk and have a good time. Most strangely of all is Gatsby’s befriending of Nick, a man of little social status who lives next door. Gatsby’s true intentions are recognized by very few. While most of his party guests are blind to his insincerity, the owl-eyed man reveals this aspect of him, allowing Gatsby’s material faà §ade to be better understood by the reader. During his parties, the guests are generally unfamiliar with Gatsby and believe him to be a man of mystery. Rumors frequent the parties regarding his background, like when one of the girls in yellow told Nick that â€Å"Somebody told me they thought he killed a man† (Fitzgerald 44). Likewise, when Nick and Jordan discussed Gatsby, Jordan says â€Å"he told me once he was an Oxford man,† before continuing on to say she did not believe it (49). Despite these suspicions, most of the guests are too drunk to care what Gatsby’s background includes or, in the case of Oxford, excludes. Just after raising suspicions about Gatsby’s Oxford education, Jordan immediately plays down the concern by telling Nick she enjoys the large parties Gatsby throws (49). Jordan, however, is not the only guest who is caught by Gatsby’s mysteriousness only to be distracted by some otherShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Does membership of the EU inevitably undermine national sovereignty Essay Example For Students

Does membership of the EU inevitably undermine national sovereignty Essay Does membership of the European Union inevitably undermine national sovereignty? Table of contents: 1) Introduction 2) Treaties 3) European Institutions 4) European Monetary Union 5) Conclusion 6) Appendix 7) Bibliography Introduction 2-3 3 8 9 10-11 12 The establishment of the European Union (ELI) has its foundations of integration belonging to an economic community: the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 1950. 1 There has been a cycle of support, peaking in the 1990 at 71% and the lowest of 48% in 2004, as measured by the Eurobarometer 2. There is a clear divide between people who support the EIJ and Eurosceptics. Support for the EIJ can be encapsulated by Herman Van Rompuy, president if the European Council, The age of the nation state is over and the idea that countries can stand alone is an illusion and a lie3 Eurosceptics on the other hand argue for the remodelling of the EIJ or the rejection of. Most notably the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) have stated in their manifesto that they wish to exit the EIJ as, It does mean the end of Britain as an independent European state. It means the end of a thousand years of history. 4 This is a case of hard euroscepticism, as Taggart and Szcerbiak established, as pposed to soft euroscepticism which focuses upon remodelling. Therefore integration of the EIJ has caused a larger rift between those who support and those sovereignty. But what is national sovereignty? As former British Secretary, Sir Geoffrey Howe, stated, Sovereignty is not like virginity, which you either have or you dont it is a resource to be used, rather than a constraint that limits our capacity for action. 5 Thus, sovereignty is perceived to be the ability for a nation to act however it deems fit politically, economically and socially within its territory. The progression of he EIJ from an economic union to a multinational political entity is the constraint that limits action. Therefore, I intend to explore to what extent membership of the EIJ undermines national sovereignty, conducted through an analysis of: different treaties, institutions of t he ELI, and the European Monetary Union at how they impact national governments. Treaties The EIJ is based upon two treaties: The Maastricht Treaty (MT) 1992/1993, creating the new European Union, and The Lisbon Treaty (L T) 2007/2009. The MT created the three-pillar structure: European Community (EC), Common Foreign and Security Policy CFSP) and Justice and Home Affairs CHA). What this meant for national sovereignty was that two thirds of the EIJ would be intergovernmental whilst one third would be supranational- EC governed by the commission. Primarily the MT created the idea to, promote economic and social progress in particular through the creation of an area without internal frontiers. 6 The LT abolished the three-pillar structure, in favour of unifying institutions, which gave certain institutions greater power, e. g. the European Parliament gained budgetary control. The powers of the Community remained almost nchanged, as national governments can be co-ordinated and supported on policies, e. g. economic, employment and social issues. But health, culture, e ducation and tourism remain with member state governments. So what do these treaties, more recently L T, mean for national sovereignty? It is clear the EIJ has a great deal of economic control over certain member states, as seen in the creation of the EMIJ. However, most policy areas still remain with national governments. European Institutions Since the establishment of the ELI, institutions have gradually increased their powers and broadened their policy area scope. This can be associated with the movement away from intergovernmental, like the United Nations, and more towards a supranational, such as the United States of America. The EIJ is supranationalist in the sense that there is an internationally recognised external border, its own law, and a capital city Brussels, Luxembourg, where most EIJ headquarters are situated- similar to Washington DC. However, there are still elements which make the EIJ an international organisation: membership is voluntary, member states still have national governments and any decisions made are negotiated. The degree in which ifferent institutions incline towards either intergovernmentalism or supranational will determine the extent national sovereignty is undermined. Also, it is crucial to look at the structure of such institutions: are all member states equally represented? Can states oppose EIJ rule/ legislation? Each member is equally represented- totalling to twenty seven commissioners, who serve a five year term. The European Commission is the bureaucratic arm working to promote EIJ interests. In many ways it is supranational; as it has the power of initiation, implementation, management of finance and external relations. Margaret Thatchers famous statement addressing the EIJ spotlights the supranational intentions of the European Commission, The President of the Commission, Mr Delors, said at a press conference the other day that he wanted. the Commission to be the No! No! No! 7 Eurosceptics further dislike the institution as it is too big, expensive, has too little public accountability, and an undemocratic process of appointment as no elections are held. However, supporters of the EIJ point out two percent of the EIJ budget is spent on this institution, commissioners are appointed by ational governments and confirmed by the European Parliament, somewhat leading to an element of public accountability. Although the Commission does have the power of initiation its main role is executing already approved decisions by member states. Gangs are violent reality EssayThe initial creation of the EMU was a compromise. Frances view- a minimum, in which a fixed exchange rate would eventually progress into an economic union, whilst Germanys maximum is one where there would be one economic policy which would lead to an economic union. However, ever since the 1970s the EMU has slowly rogressed towards Germanys maximum economic union based upon fiscal conservatism. This Franco-German dominance has characterised the EIJ since its establishment and even more so with todays current economic climate, returning to the initial compromise of the EMIJ. The EMU officially started in 1999, in conjunction with the Growth and Stability Pact. This stipulated the requirements for entry (reformed in 2005), e. g. 3% for budget deficit and 60% for public debt. This meant that countries could Join the Euro. However, Britain and Denmark voted for an opt-out of the Euro. Reasons behind this re well founded in reasons which protect national sovereignty, e. g. The Bank of England would lose all power, fatal impact on the banks, and conversion criteria- would mean cutting our deficit by more than half by cutting spending further. 2 Furthermore, as the ECB, based in Frankfurt, it cements the notion that the EMU is essentially Germanys creation, thus undermining every member states sovereignty. The Euro itself shows the struggle between suprnationalism and intergovernmentalism, as one side has the EIJ symbol and the other is left to the national government. Conclusion sovereignty by Joining the ELI. However, it is primarily limited to a few areas a nd/ or institutions, and member states are usually willing to seed some of their national sovereignty in order to reap the benefits. Although the LT has allowed for the broadening and expansion of EIJ institutions it can be seen that most policy areas are still left for national governments. Although since the 1960s there has already been a considerable movement towards political integration, so it almost seems inevitable that treaties may become more and more supranational. Bearing in mind membership is voluntary, it is important to remember, that renouncing by member tates their economic sovereignty has been done voluntarily in the face of enormous economic advantages. 13 In todays society where globalisation is a common theme, with twenty seven nations within the EIJ it creates an economic superpower. In light of represented member states two fifths of the institutions had unequal representation and this meant there is some a loss of national sovereignty, particularly to smaller members. However, three fifths of the institutions were equally represented, allowing for national sovereignty to remain, and also any laws and regulations had to be agreed to be implemented within a member state, again nsuring no undermining of national sovereignty. The EMU undermines national sovereignty most, e. g. in return for Greece receiving bailout funds they have had their national sovereignty infringed heavily in the form of austerity measures. With the current Eurozone crisis there is a divide between further integration leading to more of a supranational European Union, argued for by Angela Merkel, or weaker political integration being more of a intergovernmental European Union, argued for by David Cameron. Appendix 1) http://ec. europa. eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb76/eb76_first_en. pdf 2) http://en. euabc. m/word/442 Members of the European Parliament Country Current Allocation Election penod 2009-2014* Lisbon Treaty Germany France 78 72 74 United Kingdom 73 Italy Spain 54 50 Poland 51 Romania 35 33 Netherlands 27 25 26 Greece 24 Belgium Portugal Hungary Czech Republic Sweden 19 20 Austria 18 17 Bulgaria Slovakia 14 13 Denmark Finland Ireland Lithuania Latvia Slovenia 7 Estonia 6 Cyprus Luxembourg Malta 5 Total 785 736 751 * In December 2008, Government leaders of the EIJ countries decided in a declaration on how to shift to new numbers of MEPs. There will be a pause after the Lisbon Treaty enters into force. The number of MEPs in the 2009-2014 election period will increase to 754, equal to that of the Lisbon Treaty + 3 Members from Germany (99 total). 3) http://4. bp. blogspot. com/_H6xw_a4Tyus/Si1 R5LYEfil/AAAAAAAAA30/18ZQDmHSJ24/ s400/european+parliament+2009. bmp Bibliography Caporasso, J and Cowles, M. G and Risse, T (2001). Transforming Europe. Cornell university : corneli university pas. 1-13, 198-237. cowles, M. Dinan, D (2004). Developments in the European Union, Palgrave Macmillan. p. 7. Keohane, R. O (2002). Ironies of sovereignty: the European Union and the United States. JCMS 40(4), pp. 8-749. McCormick, J (2011). Understanding the European Union. 5th ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 74-101. Munch, R (2010). European Governmentality. Devon: Routledge. 38-90. wetler,J. H. H, and Kocjan, M. (2004/5). EUROPEAN COMMUNITY SYSTEM: THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND THE BASICS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION. P. 14, Article B. casey, Theo. Should Britain JOtn the Euro? NO, NO, No! Should Brita in Join the Euro? No, No, No! (2008) http://www. rogerhelmer. com/ fleetstreetletter. asp GAITSKELL. H. On Britain Joining the European Community. Labour Party conference speech, Oct. http://quotes. yourdictionary. com/britain

A Comparison Contrast Of A Brave New World And 1984 Essays - Fiction

A Comparison Contrast Of A Brave New World And 1984 Essays - Fiction A Comparison Contrast of A Brave New World and 1984 Although many similarities exist between Aldous Huxley's A Brave New World and George Orwell's 1984, the works books though they deal with similar topics, are more dissimilar than alike. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of Bernard Marx, who rejects the tenants of his society when he discovers that he is not truly happy. 1984 is the story of Winston who finds forbidden love within the hypocrisy of his society. In both cases, the main character is in quiet rebellion against his government which is eventually found to be in vain. Huxley wrote A Brave New World in the third person so that the reader could be allotted a more comprehensive view of the activities he presents. His characters are shallow and cartoon-like (Astrachan) in order to better reflect the society in which they are entrapped. In this society traditional notions of love and what ideally should come out of it have long been disregarded and are now despised, "Mother, monogamy, romance. High spurts the fountain; fierce and foamy the wild jet. The urge has but a single outlet." (Huxley 41) The comparison to a wild jet is intended to demonstrate the inherent dangers in these activities. Many of the Brave New World's social norms are intended to 'save' its citizens from anything unpleasant through depriving them of the opportunity to miss anything overly pleasant. The society values, ACOMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY," (Huxley 1) supersede all else in a collective effort. Soma, the magical ultimate drug is what keeps the population from revolting. "What you need is a gramme of soma... All the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects." The drug is at the forefront of their daily lives providing freedom from life's every ill. "The word comes from the Sanskrit language of ancient India. It means both an intoxicating drink used in the old Vedic religious rituals there and the plant from whose juice the drink was made- a plant whose true identity we don't know." (Astrachan) The drug is used as a form of recreation, like sex, and its use is encouraged at any opportunity, especially when great emotions begin to arise. They are conditioned to accept this to calm and pacify them should they begin to feel anything too intensely. The conditioning also provides them with their place and prevents them from participating in social activities which they needn't take part in. (Smith) Class consciousness which Americans are so reluctant to acknowledge is taught through hypnop?dia (the repetition of phrases during sleep akin to post hypnotic suggestion) for all social classes: These names are letters in the Greek alphabet, familiar to Huxley's original English readers because in English schools they are used as grades- like our As, Bs, etc.- with Alpha plus the best and Epsilon minus the worst. In Brave New World, each names a class or caste. Alphas and Betas remain individuals; only Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons are bokanovskified. (Astrachan) The conditioning is begun at an extremely young age and is by modern real-world standards cruel, AThe screaming of the babies suddenly changed its tone. There was something desperate, almost insane, about the sharp spasmodic yelps to which they now gave utterance." (Huxley 20) The children's "Pavlovian" conditioning with electric shocks is later compared to the wax seals which used to grace the seams of letters (Astrachan), "Not so much like drops of water, though water, it is true, can wear holes in the hardest granite; rather, drops of liquid sealing-wax, drops that adhere, incrust, incorporate themselves with what they fall on, till finally the rock is all one scarlet blob." The entire society is conditioned to shrink away from intense emotion, engage in casual sex, and take their pacifying Soma. In 1984, a first-person book partly narrated by the main character's internal dialogue, the great party leader is "Big Brother," a fictional character who is somewhat more imposing than "Ford," of Huxley's book, named after the industrialist Henry Ford (Astrachan). The main character Winston fears Big Brother and is much more aware of his situation than any of the characters in A Brave New World who are constantly pacified by soma. In A Brave New World

Maryland Vital Records - Births, Deaths and Marriages

Maryland Vital Records - Births, Deaths and Marriages Learn how and where to obtain birth, marriage, and death certificates and records in Maryland, including the dates for which Maryland vital records are available, where they are located, and links to online Maryland vital records databases. Maryland Vital Records:Division of Vital RecordsDepartment of Health and Mental Hygiene6550 Reisterstown RoadBaltimore, MD 21215-0020Phone: (410) 764-3038 or (800) 832–3277 What You Need to Know:Personal check or money order should be made payable to Division of Vital Records. Call or visit the Web site to verify current fees. All requests MUST include the signature and a photocopy of a valid photo ID of the individual requesting the record. The state of Maryland does not accept payments for vital records certificates by credit card, but you can process requests with a credit card through VitalCheck. Web site: Maryland Vital Statistics Administration Maryland Birth Records: Dates: From 1898 (from 1875 in Baltimore City) Cost of copy: $24.00 Comments: Access to birth records in Maryland is restricted to the individual named on the certificate, the parent or guardian of that individual, the surviving spouse, a court-appointed guardian, or an authorized representative of the individual or a parent listed on the certificate.. With your request for a Maryland birth certificate, include as much as you can of the following: the name on the birth record being requested, date of birth, place of birth (city or county), fathers full name, mothers full name (including her maiden name), your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your daytime telephone number with area code, your handwritten signature and complete return mailing address.Application for Maryland Birth Certificate * Maryland birth records more than 100 years old (from 1878 in Baltimore City and 1898 for the rest of the state) are available from the Maryland State Archives with no access restrictions. Earlier birth records (from 1865) may be available for certain counties. The fee is $12.00 for a plain copy and $25 per certified copy. Request must include the full name, approximate date of birth and county. Maryland State Archives350 Rowe Blvd.Annapolis, MD 21401Phone: (410) 260-6400Web site: Maryland State Archives Online:  Maryland Births and Christenings, 1650–1995 (free, index only) Maryland Death Records: Dates: From 1898 (from 1875 in Baltimore City) Cost of copy: $24.00 Comments: Access to death records in Maryland is restricted to surviving relatives of the deceased or their authorized representatives, and individuals who have a proven legal need. The State Vital Records Division only issues certified copies of death certificates for individuals who died from 1969 to the present. Earlier death records are available from the Maryland State Archives. With your request for a Maryland death certificate, include as much as you can of the following: the name of the deceased, date of death, place of death (city or county), your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your purpose for needing the copy, your full name, current address, daytime telephone number with area code and handwritten signature.Application for Maryland Death Certificate * Maryland death records prior to 1969 (from 1878 in Baltimore City and 1898 for the rest of the state) are available from the Maryland State Archives with no access restrictions. Earlier death records (from 1865) may be available for certain counties. The fee is $12.00 for a plain copy and $25 per certified copy. Request must include the full name, approximate date of death and county. Online: Maryland Death Index, 1898-1944 (free) *Includes Baltimore City deaths back to 1875Maryland Church, Death Burial Index, 1686–1958 (free)Maryland Deaths and Burials, 1877–1992 (free, index only) Maryland Marriage Records: Dates: Varies by county Cost of Copy: Varies Comments: The state vital statistics division only issues certified copies of marriage certificates from 1990. For marriage records prior to 1990, send your request to the Clerk of Circuit Court in the county where the marriage license was issued or the Clerk of Common Pleas of Baltimore City for marriage licenses issued in the city of Baltimore. Copies of marriage records from 1777 through 1950 can also be obtained through the Maryland State Archives. Online: Maryland Marriage Records Index 1655-1850 (subscription only)Maryland Marriages, 1666–1970 (free, index only) Maryland Divorce Records: Dates: Varies by county Cost of copy: Varies Comments: Send your request to the Clerk of Circuit Court for the county where the divorce decree was granted. The Maryland State Archives also has divorce records  for Baltimore City and several counties into the 1980s for some jurisdiction. More US Vital Records - Choose a State

No name Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

No name - Coursework Example 2. (a) In a closed economy, IS curve is the interest rate at which the commodity market is at equilibrium at a given income level. This can be expressed algebraically as Y = C + I + G, where Y is the equilibrium income is the level of consumption, I is the level of investment and G is the government expenditure. It is worth to note that consumption is a function of income while investment is a function of interest rate and government expenditure is a function of tax. Using the equation given above, Y = C + I + G, but C = 100 + 0.4(Y – T) and when this is substituted into the IS equation we obtain Y = 100 + 0.4(Y – T) + I + G, since I = 1000 + 0.1Y – 20i which when replaced to the equation gives Y = 100 + 0.4(Y – T) + 1000 + 0.1Y – 20i + G,note that T= 300 finally the value of G = 100 which when replaced into the equation yield Y = 100 + 0.4(Y – 300) + 1000 + 0.1Y – 20i + 100. When this equation is simplified to give the IS curve we obt ain 0.5Y = 1080-20i and the IS curve will be represented by the equation below; Y = 2160 – 40i. ... IS-LM curve can be attained where there is equilibrium in the commodity market and money market. Using the IS and LM equations and combining them we obtain i= 50 and Y = 160.This means that equilibrium income Y=160 and equilibrium interest rate i=50. This can graphically be represented as: I M i 50 L S 160 Y (b) When the G increases by 100, the IS-LM curve equilibrium Y = 170 while the i=55 and this represents an upward shift in the IS curve as shown below: Io I1 i M 55 50 L S1 S0 160 170 Y (c) When the real money supply reduce by 200, the i=51 while Y=122 and this represents an upward shift in the LM curve as shown below. i I I M1 M0 51 50 L1 L0 S 122 160 Y (a)In an open economy, IS curve can be derived by equating Y= C+I+G+X-M, this can be represented as Y = 100+0.8(1-t)Y + 700-50i+900+700-0.2Y: In simple expression the IS curve will be Y=4000-83i. On the other hand the LM curve will be expressed algebraically as Money Demand equals Money Supply and using the data provided this wil l be 0.25Y – 62.5i = 500. Hence Y= 2000+ 250i (b) The equilibrium income and interest rate in this case will be calculated by equating IS to LM which will be 2000 + 250i =4000-83i and Y= 498 and i= 6. Hence the governments surplus budget will be (X)700- (IM)99 = 600. (c) The equilibrium income Y = 498 therefore, the government expenditure should be increased by 4602 (d)The change in balance of trade will be export less import which is 600 and this is also a government surplus. This employment is sustainable since there is an extra demand for labor to be absorbed in the export sector and this also means that the extra export creates more employment opportunity. (e) The full

Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Cause and Effect - Essay Example The mass media which includes advertisements, television shows, and magazines plays a huge role in shaping the perception of the society on the perfect body size and shape. Recognizing the profit motive of business organizations, advertisements are often geared as one of the most important ways of developing brand image and elicit positive response from buyers. Women are not exempted from the effects of these advertisements and are ready prey of marketers trying to sell products to them. In an article entitled Body Image and Marketing, it is estimated that women an average woman is exposed to around 400 to 500 advertisements each day and that 69% of the girls surveyed agree that the magazines' standard of perfection affects their perception of beauty. Through the use of skinny models in advertising nice clothes, sexy lingerie, makeup, and jewelry, ordinary women come to the bitter realization that she should be thin in order to be perfectly beautiful like these models. Beauty is equa ted with thinness and any woman that is over size six is considered to be fat and ugly. Noting that the size of an ordinary American woman is far from these skinny girls in fashion magazines, the media adversely affects the individual's body image. Young women feel left out and depressed because they cannot live up to the standards of the society. This cultivates a culture of low self esteem, a feeling of being unattractive, and a strong desire to be model thin. The negative body perception brings about the obsession to be thin through strict dieting. The obsession to thinness motivates women to perfect their body through any possible way. The most common resort is through dieting and starvation which often leads to eating disorders. The Mayo Clinic defines eating disorder as "a broad group of serious conditions in which you are so preoccupied with food and weight that you can often focus on little ease." In addition to this, it is estimated that 90% of individuals with eating disorders are motivated by the obsession to be as skinny as magazine models. The prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in the American society has been overwhelming as women starve themselves in order to lose weight. However, these young women do not stop dieting at any weight because they consider people's remarks of their thinness as compliments. The grim reality is the fact that pursuing the thin ideal can be fatal. These eating disorders do not only r ob people of their time, energy, and focus but can lead to fatal illnesses. Technological advancements have ushered us to an era where our physique can be altered through the use of modern equipments. Women do not have to be "imperfect" and "ugly" but are given the chance to redefine their bodies through cosmetic surgery. This technological advancement can help women get rid of the unwanted body fat in no time. It is irrefutable that women who are discontented with their body size are very much willing to undergo cosmetic surgery in order to change their appearance. In the United States, it is reported that 57% of American population has had liposuction while 47% had tummy tuck. These cosmetic surgeries are seen to be motivated by the desire

The Isolation of Hamlet and Oedipus Essay Example for Free

The Isolation of Hamlet and Oedipus Essay Drama gives its readers a chance to delve into the inner selves of the characters as they sort out their internal struggles and external obstacles.   Often times these characters struggles lead them into a world of isolation as they battle against some type of seemingly unconquerable external force. As Tennessee Williams aptly said â€Å". . . we are in the jungle with whatever we can work out for ourselves. It seems to be that the cards are stacked against us. . . .†Ã‚   This is true for both Hamlet of the play by Shakespeare with the same title and also for Oedipus from Oedipus Rex.   Hamlet finds himself facing the obligation of revenge from his recently murdered father, the former King.   While he does not particularly want the challenge of avenging this murder, he does take steps to accomplish it.   However, the steps he takes are what serve to create his further isolation.   Before the ghost appears, Hamlet has the friendship of Horatio, a loving mother and a promising relationship with Ophelia.   He has no real enemies except for possibly his uncle Claudius.   As he continues with his roundabout plan for revenge, he alienates nearly everyone. First, Hamlet struggles with this newfound obligation and his own personality.   He notes â€Å"the time is out of joint,:O cursed spite / that ever I was born to set it right† (I,v).   He does not want to be the one chosen for this task, lacking the confidence and even motivation to take this step. Next, Hamlet struggles against the very credibility of the ghost.   He notes to Horatio his doubts when he speaks of adding a scene much like the death of his father and uses the play to test the veracity of the ghost’s claim.    When he sees the reaction of Claudius he is sure, but has raised the suspicion of his uncle, the King, to greater heights, placing himself in danger.   Now the struggle becomes a physical one with the king.   Even more isolating is Hamlet’s murder of Polonius, Ophelia’s father.   While accidental, this death serves to send Ophelia into suicidal insanity and to create a rival in her brother Laertes, who is also now driven for revenge.   Now, Hamlet is struggling with himself, guilt, and the dangerous union of Claudius and Laertes, who both want him dead. During this journey, Hamlet becomes increasingly isolated.   First, he feigns insanity himself to allow himself the opportunity to be less conspicuous which creates a rift between himself and his family.   To keep his cover, he must act cruelly toward Ophelia, his love.   He tells her that she should not have believed him when he said that he loved her and to â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery!†(III,i).    Only Horatio remains true to Hamlet, perhaps as the only character that can see Hamlet’s decline clearly.   He attempts to warn Hamlet of the finality of the arranged duel: â€Å"you will not win this wager, my lord.†Ã‚   As predicted, Hamlet does not win.   He, Polonius, his mother, his uncle, Ophelia, and Laertes all die as a result of Hamlet’s inability to win his internal and external struggles. Oedipus also struggles agains the hands of fate.   He has been fated to kill his father and marry his mother.   While he is far away at this time, he seeks to avenge Laius murder and travel away.   His struggle agains his own arrogance is evident when he condemns the prophet Tieresias who warns him.   Tieresias responds with â€Å"You blame my temper,/ but do not see the one which lives within you† (line 403-404).   This temper reveals itself when he continues to goad Tieresias and discovers that â€Å"I [Tieresias] say that you yourself are the very man you’re looking for† (ln.434-435). He then gives the prophecy that will forever haunt Oedipus:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He will be blind, although he now can see. He will be a poor, although he now is rich. He will set off for a foreign country, groping the ground before him with a stick. And he will turn out to be the brother of the children in his house—their father, too, both at once, and the husband and the son of the very woman who gave birth to them. He sowed the same womb as his father and murdered him. Go in and think on this. If you discover I have spoken falsely, you can say I lack all skill in prophecy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (lines 550-562). Of course he is referring to Oedipus, but Oedipus’ arrogance will not allow him to see it at this time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slowly fate comes to blows with Oedipus.   He learns that Laius was killed in a similar fashion as a way he once murdered a man.  Ã‚   In addition, he learns that who he believed to be his father died of natural causes and that he had been given as a baby to another man.   The knowledge isolates Oedipus from his people and from his wife, who kills herself as a result of the horrible news.   Finally, he isolates himself from the world and the truth when he blinds himself saying, You will no longer see all those atrocious things I suffered, the dreadful things I did! No. You have seen those you never should have looked upon, and those I wished to know you did not see. So now and for all future time be dark! (lines 1517-1521). He cannot accept the truth so he retreats into the wilderness alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Hamlet and Oedipus must accept what fate brings them.   Hamlet struggles against his duty and isolates himself from everyone he loves, eventually losing his own life.   Oedipus struggles against the truth, ultimately losing his position and family in the process.   Indeed, it seems as if these characters were left alone, to their own devices, and did not win the struggles.